Alternative definition : KEGG: Shigellosis, or bacillary dysentery, is an intestinal infection caused by Shigella,
a genus of enterobacteria. Shigella are potential food-borne pathogens that are capable
of colonizing the intestinal epithelium by exploiting epithelial-cell functions and
circumventing the host innate immune response. During basolateral entry into the host-cell
cytoplasm, Shigella deliver a subset of effectors into the host cells through the
type III secretion system. The effectors induce membrane ruffling through the stimulation
of the Rac1-WAVE-Arp2/3 pathway, enabling bacterial entry into the epithelial cells.
During multiplication within the cells, Shigella secrete another subset of effectors.
VirG induces actin polymerization at one pole of the bacteria, allowing the bacteria
to spread intracellularly and to infect adjacent cells. OspF, OspG and IpaH(9.8) downregulate
the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, helping bacteria circumvent
the innate immune response.;