Salmonella Pathway

Preferred Label : Salmonella Pathway;

NCIt related terms : How does salmonella hijack a cell;

Alternative definition : BIOCARTA: Pathogenic Salmonella enter cells such as those of the intestinal epithelium by altering cellular cytoskeletal structure and inducing membrane ruffling of the infected cell. Salmonella is able to alter the cytoskeleton and membrane through the action of secreted bacterial Sip proteins, SopE, SopB, and SptP that are inserted into the cytosol of the infected cell. Sip proteins encoded by Salmonella are required for the action of SopE and for the invasion of epithelial cells. SipA stabilizes actin filaments, inducing membrane ruffling and perhaps focusing membrane changes where bacteria are localized to allow their entry. SipC produces a similar effect on actin filaments and cytoskeletal structure. SopE acts as an exchange factor on Rac1 and Cdc42, two GTPases in the Rho family that regulate actin cytoskeleton. The activation of Rac2 and Cdc42 by Salmonella SopE induces changes in cytoskeleton structure that allow bacterial entry into the cell. SopB is another salmonella protein that acts as an inositol polyphosphate phosphatase and also stimulates Cdc42 and Rac1. One of the cellular targets of both Cdc42 and Rac1 that affects actin structure is the Arp2/3 complex. Cdc42 and Rac1 activate Wasp, which activates Arp2/3. Activated Arp2/3 induces the formation of actin Y branches, which in combination with changes in actin caused by SipA and SipC help to form lamellipodia, and causes membrane ruffling, leading to entry of Salmonella into the affected cell. After the initial infection, cells quickly return to their normal morphology, a process that depends on the action of the bacterial protein SptP. While SopE acts as an exchange factor, SptP acts as a GTPase activating protein to inactivate Rac1 and Cdc42 once again. This inactivation of the original entry mechanism provides an example of the delicate balance between infectious organisms and their host. (This definition may be outdated - see the DesignNote.);

NCIt note : The BIOCARTA Definition (ALT_DEFINITION) for this pathway concept was provided by BioCarta. This property was not created by, nor is it maintained by the NCI Thesaurus staff. Additionally, BioCarta is no longer updating its pathway data; thus, the BIOCARTA Definition might be outdated or inaccurate. Please see the Terms and Conditions for Use at http://www.biocarta.com/.;

Biocarta ID : h_salmonellaPathway;

Details

Origin ID

C39227;

UMLS CUI

C1519178;

Semantic type(s)
- Cell Function [UMLS semantic type]
has_gene_product_element
- ADP-Ribosylation Factor-Like Protein 8B [NCIt concept]
- Actin, Cytoplasmic 1 [NCIt concept]
- Actin, Cytoplasmic 2 [NCIt concept]
- Actin-Binding Protein WASF2 [NCIt concept]
- Actin-Related Protein 2/3 Complex Subunit 1B [NCIt concept]
- C-C Motif Chemokine 3 [NCIt concept]
- C-C Motif Chemokine 3-Like 1 [NCIt concept]
- C-C Motif Chemokine 4 [NCIt concept]
- C-X-C Motif Chemokine 2 [NCIt concept]
- C-X-C Motif Chemokine 3 [NCIt concept]
- Caspase-1 [NCIt concept]
- Cell Division Control Protein 42 Homolog [NCIt concept]
- Cytoplasmic Dynein 1 Heavy Chain 1 [NCIt concept]
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor [NCIt concept]
- Growth-Regulated Alpha Protein [NCIt concept]
- Interferon Gamma [NCIt concept]
- Interferon Gamma Receptor 1 [NCIt concept]
- Interferon Gamma Receptor 2 [NCIt concept]
- Interleukin-1 Alpha [NCIt concept]
- Interleukin-1 Beta [NCIt concept]
- Interleukin-18 [NCIt concept]
- Interleukin-6 [NCIt concept]
- Interleukin-8 [NCIt concept]
- Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein [NCIt concept]
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 10 [NCIt concept]
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 11 [NCIt concept]
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 12 [NCIt concept]
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 13 [NCIt concept]
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 [NCIt concept]
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 [NCIt concept]
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 [NCIt concept]
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 [NCIt concept]
- Monocyte Differentiation Antigen CD14 [NCIt concept]
- NLR Family CARD Domain-Containing Protein 4 [NCIt concept]
- Neural Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein [NCIt concept]
- Nitric Oxide Synthase, Inducible [NCIt concept]
- Profilin-1 [NCIt concept]
- Proto-Oncogene c-Fos [NCIt concept]
- Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 1 [NCIt concept]
- Ras-Related Protein Rab-5A [NCIt concept]
- Ras-Related Protein Rab-5B [NCIt concept]
- Ras-Related Protein Rab-7a [NCIt concept]
- Rho-Associated Protein Kinase 2 [NCIt concept]
- S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein 1 [NCIt concept]
- Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase N1 [NCIt concept]
- Tight Junction Protein ZO-1 [NCIt concept]
- Toll-Like Receptor 4 [NCIt concept]
- Toll-Like Receptor 5 [NCIt concept]
- Transcription Factor AP-1 [NCIt concept]
- Tubulin Beta-4A Chain [NCIt concept]
- Vacuolar Protein Sorting-Associated Protein 41 Homolog [NCIt concept]
- Vam6/Vps39-Like Protein [NCIt concept]
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein [NCIt concept]
pathway_has_gene_element
- ACTB wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- ACTG1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- ARL8B wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- ARPC1B wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CASP1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CCL3 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CCL3L1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CCL4 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CD14 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CDC42 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CSF2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CXCL1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CXCL2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CXCL3 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CXCL8 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- DYNC1H1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- FOS wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- IFNG wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- IFNGR1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- IFNGR2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- IL18 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- IL1A wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- IL1B wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- IL6 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- JUN wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- LBP wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MAPK10 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MAPK11 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MAPK12 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MAPK13 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MAPK14 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MAPK3 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MAPK8 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MAPK9 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- NLRC4 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- NOS2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PFN1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PKN1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- RAB5A wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- RAB5B wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- RAB7A wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- RAC1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- ROCK2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- SKP1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- TJP1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- TLR4 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- TLR5 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- TUBB4A wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- VPS39 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- VPS41 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- WAS wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- WASF2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- WASL wt Allele [NCIt concept]

Keyword's position in hierarchy(ies) :

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