Ras Signaling Pathway

Preferred Label : Ras Signaling Pathway;

Alternative definition : BIOCARTA: Ras activates many signaling cascades. Here we illustrate some of the well-characterized cascades in a generic compilation of effector molecules. The effectors mediate Ras stimulation to a diverse set of cellular signals. Many of these signals are interpreted differently depending on the cell type or microenvironment receiving the stimulus. Not all of these effectors are activated in any given cell type. The primary method of activation is to promote the translocation of the molecule to the plasma membrane where additional interactions lead to the activation of the molecule. RalGDS is a Guanine Exchange Factor (GEF) for Ral but also has other independent functions. RalGDS activates RalA/B-related small GTPases. RalBP1 is a GTPase activating protein that leads to the inhibition of the Rac and CDC42 GTPases. Ral can also interact with phospholipase D1 (PLD1) that can also be activated by RhoA. Ras stimulation of the lipid kinase activity of PI3K occurs through an interaction with the p110 catalytic subunit. PI3K phosphorylates the D3 position of phosphatidylinositides. In this example Pip2 is converted to PIP3. PIP3 stimulates the AKT/PKB kinase and several of the Rac-GEFs such as Sos1 AND Vav. AKT activation inhibits apoptosis by inhibiting the actions of Bad, Caspase 9, and AFX. AKT further hinders apoptosis by phosphorylating the IkB repressor of NFkB. Stimulus of Rac causes, among other things, the activation of NFkB. Ras also stimulates the mitogen-activated kinases ERK1/2 via the Raf1 cascade. The Erk kinases translocate to the nucleus where they phosphorylate various transcription factors such as ELK1. (This definition may be outdated - see the DesignNote.);

NCIt note : The BIOCARTA Definition (ALT_DEFINITION) for this pathway concept was provided by BioCarta. This property was not created by, nor is it maintained by the NCI Thesaurus staff. Additionally, BioCarta is no longer updating its pathway data; thus, the BIOCARTA Definition might be outdated or inaccurate. Please see the Terms and Conditions for Use at http://www.biocarta.com/.;

Biocarta ID : h_rasPathway;

Details

Origin ID

C39217;

UMLS CUI

C1514731;

Semantic type(s)
- Molecular Function [UMLS semantic type]
concept_is_in_subset
- CTRP Biomarker Terminology [NCIt concept]
- CTRP Terminology [NCIt concept]
has_gene_product_element
- 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 [NCIt concept]
- Activated Caspase-9 [NCIt concept]
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 1 [NCIt concept]
- Bcl2 Antagonist of Cell Death [NCIt concept]
- Caspase-9 [NCIt concept]
- Cell Division Control Protein 42 Homolog [NCIt concept]
- Dual Specificity Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1 [NCIt concept]
- Dual Specificity Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 2 [NCIt concept]
- ETS Domain-Containing Protein Elk-1 [NCIt concept]
- Forkhead Box Protein O4 [NCIt concept]
- GRB2-Related Adapter Protein 2 [NCIt concept]
- GTPase HRas [NCIt concept]
- Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) Subunit Gamma-11 [NCIt concept]
- Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) Subunit Gamma-12 [NCIt concept]
- Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) Subunit Gamma-2 [NCIt concept]
- Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Kinase Subunit Alpha [NCIt concept]
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 [NCIt concept]
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit Alpha [NCIt concept]
- Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha Isoform [NCIt concept]
- Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Gamma Isoform [NCIt concept]
- RAC-Alpha Serine/Threonine Kinase [NCIt concept]
- RAF Proto-Oncogene Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase [NCIt concept]
- Ral Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Stimulator [NCIt concept]
- RalA-Binding Protein 1 [NCIt concept]
- Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 1 [NCIt concept]
- Ras-Related Protein Ral-A [NCIt concept]
- Transforming Protein RhoA [NCIt concept]
pathway_has_gene_element
- AKT1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- BAD wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- BCL2L1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CASP9 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CDC42 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CHUK wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CNKSR1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- ELK1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- FOXO4 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- GNG11 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- GNG12 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- GNG2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- GRAP wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- GRAP2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- HRAS wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MAP2K1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MAP2K2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MAPK3 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PDPK1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PIK3CA wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PIK3CG wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PIK3R1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- RAC1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- RAF1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- RALA wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- RALBP1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- RALGDS wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- RHOA wt Allele [NCIt concept]

Keyword's position in hierarchy(ies) :

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