G2/M Checkpoint Pathway

Preferred Label : G2/M Checkpoint Pathway;

NCIt synonyms : G2 M Checkpoint Pathway;

NCIt related terms : Cell Cycle: G2/M Checkpoint;

Alternative definition : BIOCARTA: The G2/M DNA damage checkpoint prevents the cell from entering mitosis (M phase) if the genome is damaged. The Cdc2-cyclin B kinase is pivotal in regulating this transition. During G2 phase, Cdc2 is maintained in an inactive state by the kinases Wee1 and Mt1. As cells approach M phase, the phosphatase Cdc25 is activated, perhaps by the polo-kinase Pik1. Cdc25 then activates Cdc2, establishing a feedback amplification loop that efficiently drives the cell into mitosis. DNA damage activates the DNA-PK/ATM/ATR kinases, initiating two parallel cascades that inactivate Cdc2-cyclin B. The first cascade rapidly inhibits progression into mitosis: the CHK kinases phosphorylate and inactivate Cdc25, which can no longer activate Cdc2. The second cascade is slower. Phosphorylation of p53 dissociates it from MDM2, activating its DNA binding activity. Acetylation by p300/PCAF further activates its transcriptional activity. The genes that are turned on by p53 constitute effectors of this second cascade. They include 14-3-3s, which binds to the phosphorylated Cdc2-cyclin B kinase and exports it from the nucleus; GADD45, which apparently binds to and dissociates the Cdc2-cyclin B kinase; and p21Cip1, an inhibitor of a subset of the cyclin-dependent kinases including Cdc2 (CDK1). (This definition may be outdated - see the DesignNote.);

NCIt note : The BIOCARTA Definition (ALT_DEFINITION) for this pathway concept was provided by BioCarta. This property was not created by, nor is it maintained by the NCI Thesaurus staff. Additionally, BioCarta is no longer updating its pathway data; thus, the BIOCARTA Definition might be outdated or inaccurate. Please see the Terms and Conditions for Use at http://www.biocarta.com/.;

Biocarta ID : h_g2Pathway;

Details

Origin ID

C39088;

UMLS CUI

C1517347;

Automatic exact mappings (from CISMeF team)
- G2 phase cell cycle checkpoints [MeSH Descriptor]
- G2-M cell cycle checkpoint [MeSH concept]
Semantic type(s)
- Cell Function [UMLS semantic type]
UMLS correspondences (same concept)
- G2-M cell cycle checkpoint [MeSH concept]
has_gene_product_element
- 14-3-3 Protein Theta [NCIt concept]
- Breast Cancer Type 1 Susceptibility Protein [NCIt concept]
- Cellular Tumor Antigen p53 [NCIt concept]
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 [NCIt concept]
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 Inhibitor D [NCIt concept]
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1 [NCIt concept]
- DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit [NCIt concept]
- E3 Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase MDM2 [NCIt concept]
- G2/Mitotic-Specific Cyclin-B1 [NCIt concept]
- Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-Inducible Protein GADD45 Alpha [NCIt concept]
- Histone Acetyltransferase p300 [NCIt concept]
- Ras-Specific Guanine Nucleotide-Releasing Factor 1 [NCIt concept]
- Serine-Protein Kinase ATM [NCIt concept]
- Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase ATR [NCIt concept]
- Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase Chk1 [NCIt concept]
- Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase Chk2 [NCIt concept]
- Tumor Suppressor ARF [NCIt concept]
- Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2 R1 [NCIt concept]
- Wee1-Like Protein Kinase [NCIt concept]
pathway_has_gene_element
- ATM wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- ATR wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- BRCA1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CCNB1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CDC34 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CDK1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CDKN1A wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CDKN2D wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CHEK1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CHEK2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- EP300 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- GADD45A wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MDM2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PRKDC wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- RASGRF1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- TP53 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- WEE1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- YWHAQ wt Allele [NCIt concept]

Keyword's position in hierarchy(ies) :

You can consult :

recommendations
documents concerning education
documents for patients