Skeletal Myogenesis Pathway

Preferred Label : Skeletal Myogenesis Pathway;

NCIt related terms : Control of skeletal myogenesis by HDAC & calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK);

Alternative definition : BIOCARTA: The differentiation of muscle cells is transcriptionally regulated, in part by the myocyte enhancer factor-2, MEF2. During myogenesis MEF2 binds to MyoD and other basic helix-loop-helix factors to activate transcription of genes involved in muscle cell differentiation. Transcriptional activation by MEF2 is blocked by interaction with HDAC5 and other histone deacetylases. In undifferentiated myoblasts, HDAC5 is present in the nucleus where it binds to MEF2 to block activation of muscle genes. When activated by IGF-1 signaling, CaM kinase phosphorylates HDAC proteins, causing them to be exported from the nucleus, releasing the block on MEF2 transcriptional activation and allowing differentiation to proceed. Transcription cofactors also interact with MEF2 to contribute to gene regulation and myogenesis. The transcriptional regulator NFAT, for example, acts as a cofactor for MEF2 when calcium and calcineurin signaling activate it. There are four members of the Mef2 gene family, Mef2a-2d. Mef2a is expressed in brain, heart and skeletal muscle. Mef2c is involved in myogenesis in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Mef2d is widely expressed, and may be involved in the regulation of T cell function as well as muscle. Several factors regulate Mef2 transcription factors, including Map kinases and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. Mef2 is phosphorylated by p38 map kinase, and phosphorylation of Mef2c by p38 contributes to skeletal muscle differentiation. BMK-1 (also called Erk5) is another member of the Map kinase family that regulates the activity of Mef2 family members and is unique in that it appears itself to possess a transcriptional activation domain and act as a transcriptional coactivator. Mekk3 disruption prevented normal cardiovascular development in mice and appears to signal through p38 and Mef2c in normal cardiovascular development. (This definition may be outdated - see the DesignNote.);

NCIt note : The BIOCARTA Definition (ALT_DEFINITION) for this pathway concept was provided by BioCarta. This property was not created by, nor is it maintained by the NCI Thesaurus staff. Additionally, BioCarta is no longer updating its pathway data; thus, the BIOCARTA Definition might be outdated or inaccurate. Please see the Terms and Conditions for Use at http://www.biocarta.com/.;

Biocarta ID : h_hdacPathway;

Details

Origin ID

C39102;

UMLS CUI

C1519341;

Semantic type(s)
- Cell Function [UMLS semantic type]
has_gene_product_element
- 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 [NCIt concept]
- Arginine-Vasopressin [NCIt concept]
- Calcineurin-Binding Protein Cabin-1 [NCIt concept]
- Dual Specificity Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 6 [NCIt concept]
- Histone Acetyltransferase KAT2B [NCIt concept]
- Histone Deacetylase 5 [NCIt concept]
- Insulin [NCIt concept]
- Insulin Receptor [NCIt concept]
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor [NCIt concept]
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I [NCIt concept]
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 [NCIt concept]
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7 [NCIt concept]
- Myoblast Determination Protein 1 [NCIt concept]
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit Alpha [NCIt concept]
- Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha Isoform [NCIt concept]
- Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Gamma Isoform [NCIt concept]
- RAC-Alpha Serine/Threonine Kinase [NCIt concept]
- Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatase 2B Catalytic Subunit Alpha Isoform [NCIt concept]
pathway_has_gene_element
- AKT1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- AVP wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CABIN1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- HDAC5 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- IGF1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- IGF1R wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- INS wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- INSR wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- KAT2B wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MAP2K6 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MAPK14 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MAPK7 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- MYOD1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PDPK1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PIK3CA wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PIK3CG wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PIK3R1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PPP3CA wt Allele [NCIt concept]

Keyword's position in hierarchy(ies) :

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