Olfactory Transduction Pathway

Preferred Label : Olfactory Transduction Pathway;

NCIt related terms : Olfactory transduction;

Alternative definition : KEGG: Within the compact cilia of the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) a cascade of enzymatic activity transduces the binding of an odorant molecule to a receptor into an electrical signal that can be transmitted to the brain. Odorant molecules bind to a receptor protein (R) coupled to an olfactory specific Gs-protein (G) and activate a type III adenylyl cyclase (AC), increasing intracellular cAMP levels. cAMP targets an olfactory-specific cyclic-nucleotide gated ion channel (CNG), allowing cations, particularly Na and Ca, to flow down their electrochemical gradients into the cell, depolarizing the ORN. Furthermore, the Ca entering the cell is able to activate a Ca-activated Cl channel, which would allow Cl to flow out of the cell, thus further increasing the depolarization. Elevated intracellular Ca causes adaptation by at least two different molecular steps: inhibition of the activity of adenylyl cyclase via CAMKII-dependent phosphorylation and down-regulation of the affinity of the CNG channel to cAMP. Longer exposure to odorants can stimulate particulate guanylyl cyclase in cilia to produce cGMP and activate PKG, leading to a further increase in amount and duration of intracellular cAMP levels, which may serve to convert inactive forms of protein kinase A (PKA2) to active forms (PKA*). As part of a feedback loop, PKA can inhibit the activation of particulate guanylyl cyclase.; NCI-GLOSS: A series of events in which cells in the nose bind to scent-bearing molecules and send electrical signals to the brain where they are perceived as smells.;

KEGG ID : hsa04740;

Codes from synonyms : CDR0000462728;

Details

Origin ID

C91530;

UMLS CUI

C2984335;

Semantic type(s)
- Functional Concept [UMLS semantic type]
has_gene_product_element
- Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinase 2 [NCIt concept]
- Beta-Arrestin-1 [NCIt concept]
- Beta-Arrestin-2 [NCIt concept]
- Calcium-Activated Chloride Channel Regulator 2 [NCIt concept]
- Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II Subunit Alpha [NCIt concept]
- Calmodulin [NCIt concept]
- Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channel Alpha-3 [NCIt concept]
- Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) Subunit Beta-1 [NCIt concept]
- Olfactory Receptor 1G1 [NCIt concept]
- Olfactory Receptor 2H1 [NCIt concept]
- Olfactory Receptor 51B4 [NCIt concept]
- Olfactory Receptor 51E2 [NCIt concept]
- Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 2 [NCIt concept]
- Sodium/Potassium/Calcium Exchanger 4 [NCIt concept]
- cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha [NCIt concept]
- cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit Beta [NCIt concept]
- cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit Gamma [NCIt concept]
- cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 [NCIt concept]
- cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase 2 [NCIt concept]
pathway_has_gene_element
- ARRB1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- ARRB2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CALM1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CAMK2A wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CLCA2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CNGA3 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- GNB1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- GRK3 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- OR1G1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- OR2H1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- OR51B4 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- OR51E2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PRKACA wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PRKACB wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PRKACG wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PRKG1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PRKG2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- RGS2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- SLC24A4 wt Allele [NCIt concept]

Keyword's position in hierarchy(ies) :

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