Alternative definition : KEGG: Cholera toxin (CTX) is one of the main virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae.
Once secreted, CTX B-chain (CTXB) binds to ganglioside GM1 on the surface of the host's
cells. After binding takes place, the entire CTX complex is carried from plasma membrane
(PM) to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the ER, the A-chain (CTXA) is recognized by
protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), unfolded, and delivered to the membrane where the
membrane-associated ER-oxidase, Ero1, oxidizes PDI to release the CTXA into the protein-conducting
channel, Sec61. CTXA is then retro-translocated to the cytosol and induces water and
electrolyte secretion by increasing cAMP levels via adenylate cyclase (AC) to exert
toxicity.;