Cytotoxic T Cell Surface Pathway

Preferred Label : Cytotoxic T Cell Surface Pathway;

NCIt synonyms : T Cytotoxic Cell Surface Molecule Pathway;

NCIt related terms : T Cytotoxic Cell Surface Molecules;

Alternative definition : BIOCARTA: Cytotoxic T cells are a key part of the cellular immune response, killing cells that display foreign antigen on their surface, primarily virus-infected cells. Transformed cells can also be detected and eliminated by cytotoxic T cells. There are two mechanisms by which activated cytotoxic T cells kill cells presenting specific antigen. One method involves the release of secretory granules containing perforin and granzyme to induce lysis of the targeted cell. Cytotoxic T cells also express Fas ligand to bind to Fas on target cells and induce apoptosis. Communication with and interaction with other cell types is essential for cytotoxic T cell function. Distinct types of T cells are characterized and their activities determined by the proteins they express on their cell surface. Cytotoxic T cells will only respond to antigen presented on the surface of cells bound to MHC I proteins, not antigens present in solution. The T cell receptor, with the multiprotein CD3 complex, is responsible for the recognition of specific antigens, triggering the activation and proliferation of cells. Cytotoxic T cell activation also requires additional signals provided by helper T cells in addition to signals provided by antigen-presenting cells. Thy1 provides a general marker of T cells, and the presence of CD8 protein that binds to MHC distinguishes cytotoxic T cells from CD4 positive helper T cells. CD28 expressed by T cells acts as a costimulatory signal with the T cell receptor when it binds its ligand, a B-7 coreceptor, on antigen-presenting cells (see The Co-Stimulatory Signal During T-cell Activation). Inappropriate regulation of the costimulatory signal can lead to too great or too small of an immune response. Interaction of activated cytotoxic T cells is aided by increased expression of LFA-1, a cell-adhesion molecule that binds to ICAM on target cells. CD2 is a T cell adhesion molecule. Mice with a disrupted CD2 gene are largely normal and appear to have a normal immune system, but CD2 on cytotoxic T cells may assist in interaction with target cells. (This definition may be outdated - see the DesignNote.);

NCIt note : The BIOCARTA Definition (ALT_DEFINITION) for this pathway concept was provided by BioCarta. This property was not created by, nor is it maintained by the NCI Thesaurus staff. Additionally, BioCarta is no longer updating its pathway data; thus, the BIOCARTA Definition might be outdated or inaccurate. Please see the Terms and Conditions for Use at http://www.biocarta.com/.;

Biocarta ID : h_tcytotoxicPathway;

Details

Origin ID

C91305;

UMLS CUI

C2984146;

Semantic type(s)
- Functional Concept [UMLS semantic type]
has_gene_product_element
- Receptor-Type Tyrosine-Protein Phosphatase C [NCIt concept]
- T-Cell Surface Antigen CD2 [NCIt concept]
- T-Cell Surface Glycoprotein CD3 Delta Chain [NCIt concept]
- T-Cell Surface Glycoprotein CD3 Epsilon Chain [NCIt concept]
- T-Cell Surface Glycoprotein CD3 Gamma Chain [NCIt concept]
- T-Cell Surface Glycoprotein CD3 Zeta Chain [NCIt concept]
- T-Cell Surface Glycoprotein CD8 Alpha Chain [NCIt concept]
- T-Cell-Specific Surface Glycoprotein CD28 [NCIt concept]
- Thy-1 Membrane Glycoprotein [NCIt concept]
pathway_has_gene_element
- CD2 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CD247 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CD28 wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CD3D wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CD3E wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- CD3G wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- PTPRC wt Allele [NCIt concept]
- THY1 wt Allele [NCIt concept]

Keyword's position in hierarchy(ies) :

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