NCIt definition : A preparation of autologous peripheral blood T-lymphocytes (PBTL) that have been transduced
with a gammaretoviral vector expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) consisting
of an anti-CD19 single chain variable fragment (scFv) coupled to the costimulatory
signaling domain CD28 and the zeta chain of the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex
(CD3 zeta), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous
infusion and re-introduction of axicabtagene ciloleucel into the patient, these cells
bind to and induce selective toxicity in CD19-expressing tumor cells. CD19 antigen
is a B-cell specific cell surface antigen that is expressed in all B-cell lineage
malignancies. CD3 zeta is one of several membrane-bound polypeptides found in the
TCR/CD3 complex; it regulates both the assembly and cell surface expression of TCR
complexes. CD28 is essential for CD4 T-cell proliferation, interleukin-2 production,
and T-helper type-2 (Th2) development.;