Preferred Label : Multiple acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency;
Symbol : MADD;
CISMeF acronym : EMA; GA II; GA2A; GA2B; GA2C; GA2; MADD;
Type : Phenotype, molecular basis known;
Alternative titles and symbols : Glutaric acidemia II; Glutaric aciduria II; Ga II; Ethylmalonic-adipicaciduria; GA2; EMA;
Included titles and symbols : Glutaric acidemia iia; Glutaric acidemia iib; Glutaric acidemia iic; Etfb deficiency; Etfdh deficiency; Etfa deficiency; GA2A; GA2B; GA2C;
Description : Glutaric aciduria II (GA II) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of fatty
acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism. It differs from GA I (231670) in that multiple
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies result in large excretion not only of glutaric
acid, but also of lactic, ethylmalonic, butyric, isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, and
isovaleric acids. GA II results from deficiency of any 1 of 3 molecules: the alpha
(ETFA) and beta (ETFB) subunits of electron transfer flavoprotein, and electron transfer
flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH). The clinical picture of GA II due to the different
defects appears to be indistinguishable; each defect can lead to a range of mild or
severe cases, depending presumably on the location and nature of the intragenic lesion,
i.e., mutation, in each case (Goodman, 1993; Olsen et al., 2003). The heterogeneous
clinical features of patients with MADD fall into 3 classes: a neonatal-onset form
with congenital anomalies (type I), a neonatal-onset form without congenital anomalies
(type II), and a late-onset form (type III). The neonatal-onset forms are usually
fatal and are characterized by severe nonketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis,
multisystem involvement, and excretion of large amounts of fatty acid- and amino acid-derived
metabolites. Symptoms and age at presentation of late-onset MADD are highly variable
and characterized by recurrent episodes of lethargy, vomiting, hypoglycemia, metabolic
acidosis, and hepatomegaly often preceded by metabolic stress. Muscle involvement
in the form of pain, weakness, and lipid storage myopathy also occurs. The organic
aciduria in patients with the late-onset form of MADD is often intermittent and only
evident during periods of illness or catabolic stress (summary by Frerman and Goodman,
2001). Importantly, riboflavin treatment has been shown to ameliorate the symptoms
and metabolic profiles in many MADD patients, particularly those with type III, the
late-onset and mildest form (Liang et al., 2009).;
Inheritance : Autosomal recessive;
Prefixed ID : #231680;
Origin ID : 231680;
UMLS CUI : C0268596;
Automatic exact mappings (from CISMeF team)
Currated CISMeF NLP mapping
DO Cross reference
False automatic mappings
Genes related to phenotype
HPO term(s)
ORDO concept(s)
See also inter- (CISMeF)
Semantic type(s)
UMLS correspondences (same concept)