NCIt definition : A humanized immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 monoclonal antibody directed against the negative
immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor programmed cell death 1 (programmed death-1;
PD-1), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities.
Upon administration, toripalimab binds to PD-1 and inhibits the binding of PD-1 to
its ligands, programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-1 ligand 2 (PD-L2). This
prevents the activation of PD-1 and its downstream signaling pathways. This may restore
immune function through the activation of both T-cells and T-cell-mediated immune
responses against tumor cells. PD-1, a transmembrane protein in the Ig superfamily
that is expressed on activated T-cells, negatively regulates T-cell activation and
effector function when activated by its ligands; it plays an important role in tumor
evasion from host immunity.;