NCIt definition : A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human
cell surface receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1, PCD-1), with immune checkpoint inhibitory
and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, spartalizumab binds to PD-1 expressed
on activated T-cells and blocks the interaction with its ligands, programmed cell
death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1, PD-1L1) and PD-1 ligand 2 (PD-L2, PD-1L2). The inhibition
of ligand binding prevents PD-1-mediated signaling and results in both T-cell activation
and the induction of T-cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. PD-1, an
immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily transmembrane protein and inhibitory receptor, negatively
regulates T-cell activation.;