Preferred Label : Graft-versus-host disease, susceptibility to;
Symbol : GVHDS;
CISMeF acronym : GVHDS;
Type : Phenotype, molecular basis known;
Included titles and symbols : Graft-versus-host disease, resistance to;
Description : Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells is a successful therapy for some tumors
derived from bone marrow precursors, such as certain leukemias and lymphomas, and
it can be used to cure some primary immunodeficiencies and inherited hematopoietic
stem-cell diseases. One of the major complications of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), in which mature donor T cells that contaminate
the allogeneic bone marrow recognize the tissues of the recipient as foreign, causing
a severe inflammatory disease characterized by rashes, diarrhea, and liver disease.
GVHD is particularly virulent when there is a mismatch of a major major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) class I or class II antigen. Most transplants are therefore undertaken
only when the donor and recipient are HLA-matched sibs or, less frequently, when there
is an HLA-matched unrelated donor. However, GVHD also occurs in the context of disparities
between minor histocompatibility antigens, and immunosuppression must be used in every
stem-cell transplant (summary by Janeway et al., 2005). At the core of the immunogenetic
basis for GVHD is the diversity of HLA, killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs;
see 604936), and cytokine genes. HLA class I molecules function as ligands for natural
killer cell inhibitory KIRs, indicating that GVHD results from a complex interplay
between innate and adaptive immune responses. Cytokines may modulate the intensity
of tissue injury and inflammation in GVHD, and therefore cytokine polymorphisms in
either patient or donor or both may explain individual risks of GVHD (review by Petersdorf
and Malkki, 2006).;
Prefixed ID : #614395;
Origin ID : 614395;
UMLS CUI : C3280677;
Automatic exact mappings (from CISMeF team)
- Genes related to phenotype
- ORDO concept(s)
- Semantic type(s)
