HPV infection is a necessary cause for cervical cancer, and it is also causally linked with a range of different attributable fractions to other anogenital and head and neck cancers. The highest HPV DNA involvement in cancers other than cervix has been described in anal cancer (88.3%), followed by vaginal cancers (74.3%), peneal (33.0%) and vulvar (28.6). In high grade pre-neoplastic lesions from vulvar, vaginal, peneal and anal sites a very high HPV DNA detection rate is observed (over 85%). Agreement with biomarkers measuring the viral transforming activity is not 100%. The contribution of these additional markers is not well established when global estimates of HPV-attributable fractions (AF) in human cancer are provided.ObjectivesTo evaluate the contribution of HPV type specific DNA, p16^INK4aand type specific mRNA E6*I in anogenital cancers derived from a large repository of parafin-embedded specimens.MethodsHPV DNA (SPF-10/LiPA25), p16^INK4aand type specific mRNA E6*I are being evaluated in cancer and precancerous lesions of the vulva, vagina, anus and penis. The HPV contribution is estimated by considering different scenarios of biomarkers positivity and correcting for sensitivity drops.Preliminary resultsp16^INK4apositivity among HPV DNA positive cases was 98% in cervical cancer; 95% in anal cancer; 87% in cancer of the vagina; 83% in cancer of the vulva; and 70% in peneal cancer.The HPV contribution varies depending on the markers used e.g. in vulva cancer contribution would range from 29.4% if considering a positive staining with p16^INK4a, 27% with HPV DNA or 22% both combined. The meaning of discrepant results between biomarkers is still subject of discussion. Comprehensive analyses on HPV DNA, p16^INK4aand mRNA E6*I in anogenital locations will be provided.DiscussionThe best approach to estimate HPV contribution in a given tumor has relied mainly on the viral DNA detection. A better understanding of the additional information obtained by other markers like p16^INK4aor mRNA may refine our estimates of HPV contribution in related cancers at the population level.