Experiments on laboratory animals, histological and epidemiological tests indicate an association between estrogen therapy and endometrial carcinoma. Such association however, has never been totally proved. It is true that, if the association exists, it is more likely to be found in patients who are obese, or with diabetes, or in sterile patients, and that the carcinogenic lesion is usually limited. The relationship between estrogen therapy and a diminution in the incidence of osteo-articular ailments in postmenopausal women also has never been demonstrated, as is the relation between estrogen therapy and myocardial infarctus. Estrogen therapy, however, is benefical to cutaneo-throphic disorders, and to the general state of health of the postmenopausal woman. The proper judgment for or against estrogen therapy must be made by the physician after careful examination of every single case.