Preferred Label : stapes bone;
Uberon definition : The stapes or stirrup is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear
which is attached to the incus laterally and to the fenestra ovalis, the 'oval window'
medially. The oval window is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear. The stapes
is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body. The stapes transmits the sound
vibrations from the incus to the membrane of the inner ear inside the fenestra ovalis.
The stapes is also stabilized by the stapedius muscle, which is innervated by the
facial nerve. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the bone homologous to the stapes is usually
called the columella; however, in reptiles, either term may be used[WP,unvetted].;
Uberon synonym : stirrup;
Uberon related term : columella; mesostapediale; mediostapediale; stelidium; columella auris; columellare; os intermedium; stilus columellare; interstapediale; os columellare; stapes;
Uberon Development note : As the stapes first develops embryologically from the 6th to 8th week of life, it
surrounds the stapedial artery, which supplies the majority of the vasculature of
the embryonic head. After that period, the external carotid artery is generated and
takes over for the stapedial artery, which subsequently involutes, leaving the stapes
with a windowframe-like structure[WP] The stapes develops at the cranial end of the
second branchial arch through an independent anlage of the cartilage of this arch.
Between the stapedial anlage and the cranial end of the Reichert's cartilage there
is a formation called the interhyale, the internal segment of which gives rise to
the tendon of the stapedial muscle. The stapedial anlage is a unique formation with
two distinct parts: the superior part that will comprise the base and the inferior
part that will be crossed by the stapedial artery during embryonic development and
will constitute the limbs and the head of the stapes. According to the results, the
otic capsule is not involved in formation of the base of the stapes.;
Uberon Homology note : This structure (the hyomandibular), on ontogenic grounds alone, can be considered
homologous with the amphibian and reptilian columella and the mammalian stapes.[well
established][VHOG];
Uberon Taxon note : 'This structure [the hyomandibular], on ontogenic grounds alone, can be considered
homologous with the amphibian and reptilian columella and the mammalian stapes.' Gerrie
J, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal
of Laryngology and Otology (1948) 62:339-357?[VHOG].;
Origin ID : 0001687;
UMLS CUI : C0038152;
Automatic exact mappings (from CISMeF team)
- Semantic type(s)
- UMLS correspondences (same concept)
- Stapes [ICD-11 Extension code]
- Uberon cross reference
- develops from
- has part
The stapes or stirrup is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear
which is attached to the incus laterally and to the fenestra ovalis, the 'oval window'
medially. The oval window is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear. The stapes
is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body. The stapes transmits the sound
vibrations from the incus to the membrane of the inner ear inside the fenestra ovalis.
The stapes is also stabilized by the stapedius muscle, which is innervated by the
facial nerve. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the bone homologous to the stapes is usually
called the columella; however, in reptiles, either term may be used[WP,unvetted].
