NCIt definition : A radiopharmaceutical composed of ammonia labeled with the radioisotope nitrogen N
13 that can be used, during positron emission tomography (PET), as a blood flow imaging
agent and potentially as a tumor imaging agent. Upon intravenous administration, ammonia
N 13 distributes to various organs in the body, such as the myocardium, liver, kidneys
and brain. This agent is taken up by cells and is retained following conversion to
glutamine N 13 by glutamine synthetase (GS). Upon PET, organ perfusion and the presence
of cancer cells can be assessed. GS, an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine
from glutamate and ammonia, is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and plays a key
role in cancer cell proliferation.;