Preferred Label : Extended Release Metformin Hydrochloride;
NCIt synonyms : ER Metformin Hydrochloride; Extended-release Metformin Hydrochloride; Metformin Hydrochloride Extended Release;
NCIt definition : An extended-release (ER) tablet composed of the hydrochloride salt form of the biguanide
metformin, with antihyperglycemic and potential prostate-cancer protective and antineoplastic
activities. Upon oral administration, metformin targets and inhibits complex I (NADPH:ubiquinone
oxidoreductase) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and increases the cellular
adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio leading to activation
of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This modulates AMPK-mediated transcription
of target genes, which prevents hepatic gluconeogenesis, decreases intestinal absorption
of glucose, enhances insulin sensitivity and fatty acid oxidation, and increases glucose
uptake and utilization in target tissues. This lowers blood glucose levels. Metformin
may exert antineoplastic effects through AMPK-mediated or AMPK-independent inhibition
of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is up-regulated in many cancer tissues.
It also reduces cyclin D1. This inhibits cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, this
agent also inhibits tumor cell migration and invasion by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-9
(MMP-9) expression which is mediated through the suppression of transcription activator
protein-1 (AP-1) activation. Also, metformin reduces hyperinsulinemia which may contribute
to an anti-tumor effect. Metformin may increase the prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
doubling time and may lower serum PSA levels.;
Drug name : Glucophage XR; Glumetza;
NCI Metathesaurus CUI : CL1407513;
Origin ID : C173523;
UMLS CUI : C5420249;
Semantic type(s)
- concept_is_in_subset
- has_target
