Type : Phenotype or locus, molecular basis unknown;
Alternative titles and symbols : Cleft palate-lateral synechia syndrome; Cpls syndrome;
Description : Syngnathia refers to congenital fusion of the maxilla and mandible. The fusion can
be classified depending on the nature of the connecting tissue as either fibrous or
bony fusion. Laster et al. (2001) proposed a classification for bony syngnathia into
4 types. Type 1a is simple anterior syngnathia characterized by bony fusion of the
alveolar ridge only; type 1b is complex anterior syngnathia characterized by bony
fusion of the alveolar ridges and also associated with other congenital malformations
in the head and neck region; type 2a is simple mandibulozygomatic syngnathia characterized
by bony fusion of the mandible to zygoma; and type 2b is complex mandibulozygomatic
syngnathia characterized by bony fusion of the mandible to the zygoma and associated
with cleft palate and/or temporomandibular joint ankylosis.;