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Medline - Mai 1999 (N=13)

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<1>

Authors

  Bouloc A.  Delfau-Larue MH.  Lenormand B.  Meunier F. 

  Wechsler J.  Thomine E.  Revuz J.  Farcet JP. 

  Joly P.  Bagot M.

Title

  Polymerase chain reaction analysis of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in

  cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias. French Study Group for Cutaneous Lymphomas.

Source

  Archives of Dermatology.  135(2):168-72, 1999 Feb.

Abstract

  The differential diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia and B-cell

  lymphoma may be difficult. Whether the detection of clonal immunoglobulin

  gene rearrangement in the cutaneous lesion is predictive of a malignant

  outcome remains controversial. We therefore studied cases of cutaneous

  lymphoid hyperplasia by polymerase chain reaction analysis. DESIGN:

  Retrospective study of patients seen between 1988 and 1996. SETTING: Two

  dermatology university departments. PATIENTS: Twenty-four patients with

  cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias were included according to clinical,

  histopathological, and immunophenotypic criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

  Clinical, histopathological, and laboratory findings. RESULTS: There were 13

  men and 11 women (mean age, 49 years) who presented with erythematous or

  violaceous papules or nodules. The lesions were unique in 13 cases and

  multiple in 11 cases. All patients had immunochemical evidence of a mixed T-

  and B-cell infiltrate with polytypic B cells. Polyclonality was demonstrated

  in 23 patients, whereas a dominant B-cell clone was detected in 1 patient. No

  lymphoma developed during the follow-up (median, 4 years). In the same

  period, we studied 53 cases of B-cell lymphomas. Thirty-five (66%) of the 53

  cases had a detectable clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. CONCLUSIONS:

  In the majority of our cases, polyclonality demonstrated by polymerase chain

  reaction analysis was in accordance with the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoid

  hyperplasia. In 1 of the 24 patients, the presence of a B-cell clone could be

  evidenced. This fact did not modify the treatment as there were no

  histological or immunophenotypic signs suggestive of a lymphoma.





<2>

Authors

  Alexandre D.  Anouar Y.  Jegou S.  Fournier A.  Vaudry H.

Title

  A cloned frog vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/pituitary adenylate

  cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor exhibits pharmacological and tissue

  distribution characteristics of both VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors in mammals.

Source

  Endocrinology.  140(3):1285-93, 1999 Mar.

Abstract

  Three receptor subtypes for the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide

  (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) have

  been identified in mammals: the PAC1 receptor (PAC1-R) which is selectively

  activated by PACAP, and two VPAC receptors (VPAC1-R and VPAC2-R), which are

  equally stimulated by PACAP and VIP. The structures of PACAP and VIP have

  been well conserved during evolution, but little is known about VIP/PACAP

  receptors in nonmammalian species. An amphibian VIP/PACAP receptor

  complementary DNA (cDNA) has been cloned and characterized from a frog (Rana

  ridibunda) pituitary cDNA library. The predicted protein contains seven

  putative transmembrane domains and exhibits the highest sequence identity

  (65%) with the human VPAC1-R. The cloned cDNA was transiently expressed in

  LLC-PK1 cells, and its pharmacological profile was determined in

  comparison with the human VPAC1-R. Both PACAP and VIP

  stimulated cAMP accumulation through the cloned receptor with an EC50 of

  about 30 nM. In contrast, secretin, at concentrations that stimulate the

  human VPAC1-R, had no effect on cAMP production. RT-PCR analysis revealed the

  widespread distribution of this frog VIP/PACAP receptor in peripheral

  tissues. In situ hybridization histochemistry using a complementary RNA probe

  showed that the receptor gene is highly expressed in several hypothalamic and

  thalamic nuclei and to a lesser extent in the pallium and striatum. In the

  pituitary, the highest messenger RNA levels were detected in the distal lobe.

  Taken together, these data show that the cloned frog receptor shares several

  common features with both the VPAC1-R and VPAC2-R of mammals; the frog

  receptor exhibits the highest sequence identity with mammalian VPAC1-R, but

  the lack of effect of secretin and the brain distribution of the receptor are

  reminiscent of the characteristics of the mammalian VPAC2-R. The sequence of

  the frog receptor should thus prove useful to decipher the structure-activity

  relationships of the VIP/PACAP receptor family.





<3>

Authors

  Quintyn JC.  Massy J.  Quillard M.  Brasseur G.

Title

  Effects of low alcohol consumption on visual evoked potential, visual field

  and visual contrast sensitivity.

Source

  Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica.  77(1):23-6, 1999 Feb.

Abstract

  PURPOSE: We studied changes in the vision of 16 people after consumption of a

  small quantity of alcohol, at a blood alcohol level (BAL) of 0.57 g/kg.

  METHODS: We studied visual contrast sensitivity (VCS) using Vistech VCTS

  6500, visual evoked potential (VEP) by checked pattern stimulations and the

  peripheral visual field (PVF) with a perimetric automatic Humphrey. We first

  carried out the tests on sober people and then on individuals with a BAL of

  0.57 g/kg. RESULTS: Alcohol consumption caused no significant difference in

  performance for these 3 tests. However, at a BAL of 0.57 g/kg there was a

  decrease in cerebral function, as shown by an increase in the number of

  mistakes made in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. CONCLUSION: These results

  suggest that for a low blood alcohol level, visual performance is less

  affected by the visual changes than by alteration in brain functions.





<4>

Authors

  Lavoinne A.  Meisse D.  Quillard M.  Husson A.  Renouf S. 

  Yassad A.

Title

  Glutamine and regulation of gene expression in rat hepatocytes: the role of

  cell swelling. [Review] [31 refs]

Source

  Biochimie.  80(10):807-11, 1998 Oct.

Abstract

  Glutamine is able to regulate the expression of various genes in rat

  hepatocytes. This includes genes coding for proteins involved in glutamine

  utilization, such as argininosuccinate synthetase (ureagenesis) or

  phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (gluconeogenesis). Moreover, glutamine is

  also able to stimulate the expression of genes involved in the acute-phase

  response, such as the alpha 2-macroglobulin gene. The effect of glutamine on

  the regulation of gene expression may be explained, at least in part, by the

  cell swelling due to its sodium-dependent transport. The physiological

  significance of the effect of glutamine is discussed. [References: 31]





<5>

Authors

  Diarra-Mehrpour M.  Sarafan N.  Bourguignon J.  Bonnet F. 

  Bost F.  Martin JP.

Title

  Human inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3 gene. Genomic

  organization, promoter analysis, and gene linkage [published erratum appears

  in J Biol Chem 1998 Nov 13;273(46):30842].

Source

  Journal of Biological Chemistry.  273(41):26809-19, 1998 Oct 9.

Abstract

  To understand more about the human inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain

  H3 (ITIH3) expression and the relationship between this gene and the family

  of other ITI heavy chain genes, an analysis of the structure of the ITIH3

  gene and its promoter region was performed. This gene is a single copy gene,

  14 kilobase pair in length and consists of 22 exons. ITIH3 shares highly

  conserved exon size and intron-exon borders with other ITI

  heavy chain genes. We determined that the human ITIH1, ITIH3, and ITIH4 genes

  are closely linked within a 45-kilobase pair. They are arranged in the order

  of H1-H3-H4, with the ITIH4 gene transcribed in the opposite direction. A

  model for the evolution of the ITI heavy chain gene family is presented that

  involves multiple rounds of gene duplication plus inversion events. The

  minimum promoter region (-135 to +75) is identified in HepG2 cells. The

  transient transfection study in various cell lines indicates that the

  activity of the ITIH3 promoter is not liver-specific. DNase I footprinting,

  mobility shift assays, and cotransfection experiments reveal a functional

  CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein site (C/EBP, -1344 to -1305) which interacts

  with C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta factors. The latter factors control the

  transcription of the ITIH3 gene positively.





<6>

Authors

  Parain D.

Title

  [Generalized or focal photosensitive epilepsies]. [Review] [22 refs] [French]

Original Title

  Les epilepsies photosensibles generalisees ou focales.

Source

  Revue Neurologique.  154(11):757-61, 1998 Nov.

Abstract

  Photosensitivity is defined by a pattern of occipital or more diffuse spikes

  and waves. Several techniques are needed for exploration: intermittent light

  stimulation (ILS), patterns, TV-screen, video games. Photosensitivity is a

  genetic characteristic. Only diffuse spikes and waves induced by ILS are

  correlated with epilepsy. Pure photogenic epilepsy is characterized by

  seizures induced by visual stimuli alone, usually by TV-screen. Video games

  may also have a triggering effect due to the slow-moving patterns or intense

  brightness. Several epileptic syndromes are associated with photosensitivity

  with or without visually-induced seizures. These syndromes are most often

  generalized and idiopathic. [References: 22]





<7>

Authors

  Del Gallo G.  Koning E.  Teniere P. 

  Scotte M.

Title

  [Migration of a surgical clip to the biliary tract after a hepatectomy

  (letter)]. [French]

Original Title

  Migration d'un clip chirurgical dans la voie biliaire apres hepatectomie.

Source

  Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique.  22(12):1112-3, 1998 Dec.





<8>

Authors

  Anselme F.  Saoudi N.  Poty H.  Douillet R. 

  Cribier A.

Title

  Radiofrequency catheter ablation of common atrial flutter: significance of

  palpitations and quality-of-life evaluation in patients with proven isthmus

  block.

Source

  Circulation.  99(4):534-40, 1999 Feb 2.

Abstract

  BACKGROUND--Creation of a complete bidirectional inferior vena cava-tricuspid

  annulus isthmus block (CBIB) by radiofrequency catheter ablation is now a

  well-accepted criterion for prevention of common atrial flutter (AFl)

  recurrences. However, some patients still complain of palpitations after

  ablation, and it is not known whether these are related to AFl recurrences or

  to other arrhythmias. METHODS AND RESULTS--Among 100 consecutive patients

  referred to our institution for AFl ablation, CBIB was created in 83. There

  were 54 patients (group A) in whom AFl was the only documented arrhythmia

  before ablation and 29 patients (group B) in whom atrial fibrillation (AFib)

  had been documented in addition to AFl. An electrophysiological control study

  was performed in 40 patients 1 to 3 months after ablation. Arrhythmic events,

  medications, and functional status were evaluated at midterm follow-up (n=77;

  14. 7+/-8.4 months; range, 4 to 34 months). The SF-36 questionnaire and the

  Symptom Checklist--Frequency and Severity Scale specific for cardiac

  arrhythmia were used to assess quality of life in 63 patients at long-term

  follow-up (27.1+/-8.5 months). Recurrence of AFl was documented in only 1

  patient 6 months after ablation. AFib was recorded in 28 patients (36.4%),

  and atypical AFl was found in 3 patients. Thirty-two group A patients (66.7%)

  and 17 group B patients (58.6%) were still arrhythmia free at midterm

  follow-up. Even at long-term follow-up and in group B patients, AFl ablation

  was followed by a clear improvement in quality of life.

  CONCLUSIONS--Palpitations after creation of CBIB are due mostly to AFib but

  not to AFl recurrence. This technique provides a significant and persistent

  clinical benefit and may suppress all atrial arrhythmia in a subset of

  patients suffering from both AFl and AFib.





<9>

Authors

  Le Blanc-Louvry I.  Ducrotte P. 

  Peillon C.  Testart J. 

  Denis P.  Michot F. 

  Teniere P.

Title

  Upper jejunal motility after pancreatoduodenectomy according to the type of

  anastomosis, pancreaticojejunal or pancreaticogastric.

Source

  Journal of the American College of Surgeons.  188(3):261-70, 1999 Mar.

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to compare upper jejunal motor

  patterns after Billroth II pancreatoduodenectomy according to the type of

  pancreatic anastomosis (pancreaticojejunostomy [PJA] or

  pancreaticogastrostomy [PGA]) and the presence or absence of postoperative

  symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: Manometric recordings during fasting and after a

  750-kcal meal were performed in the afferent limb in 12 patients (7 PJA, 5

  PGA) and in the efferent limb in 15 other patients (7 PJA, 8 PGA) with a

  postoperative delay of 15+/-6 days and 3.9+/-2.2 months respectively. Patient

  data were compared to those of 20 healthy controls. RESULTS: During fasting,

  the 2 main abnormal findings were a higher incidence (p < 0.05) and a slower

  migration velocity (p < 0.01) of incomplete phase III by

  comparison with that recorded in controls. No difference for

  phase III was observed between the 2 surgical procedures regardless of

  recording site. Trimebutine, 100 mg intravenously, induced a phase III 

  in 89% of the patients. Delay of motor response varied from 5 to 10

  minutes without difference between the recording site; it was less than 2

  minutes in 100% of controls. Trimebutine-induced phase III showed similar

  propagation abnormalities to the spontaneous phase III. Duration of the fed

  pattern (p < 0.001) and motor index (p < 0.001) were significantly lower than

  in controls after the meal, in both limbs, whatever the type of anastomosis.

  Differences between the 2 surgical procedures were a slower migration

  velocity of phase III (p < 0.01) and a lower postmeal motor index (p < 0.05)

  in the efferent limb after PJA than after PGA. Nine of 27 patients were

  symptomatic. In these 9 patients, mean phase III migration velocity was

  slower (p < 0.001), and mean area under the postprandial curve was higher (p

  < 0.01) than in asymptomatic patients. Propagated clusters of contractions

  were only found in symptomatic patients and in the afferent limb.

  CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatoduodenectomy is associated with significant motor

  disturbances, mainly slower phase III and a reduced fed pattern, in the upper

  jejunum, at least during the first 3 postoperative months. Few motor

  differences were observed between PGA and PJA pancreatic anastomosis. A

  lesser occurrence of postsurgical motor anomalies does not appear to be an

  argument for preferring PGA to PJA.





<10>

Authors

  Gonzalez BJ.  Basille M.  Vaudry D.  Fournier A.  Vaudry H.

Title

  [Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide]. [Review] [454 refs]

  [French]

Original Title

  Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide.

Source

  Annales d Endocrinologie.  59(5):364-405, 1998 Dec.

Abstract

  Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been

  originally isolated from the sheep hypothalamus on the basis of its ability

  to stimulate cAMP formation in anterior pituitary cells. Post-translational

  processing of the PACAP precursor generates two biologically active molecular

  forms, PACAP38 and PACAP27, and a novel peptide called PACAP-related peptide

  whose activity remains unknown. The primary structure of PACAP has been

  remarkably conserved during evolution, from protochordates to mammals,

  suggesting that the peptide exerts important activities throughout the

  vertebrate phylum. The sequence of PACAP27 exhibits substantial similarities

  with those of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), glucagon and secretin.

  The gene encoding the PACAP precursor is widely expressed in the brain and in

  various peripheral organs, notably in endocrine glands, the gastro-intestinal

  and uro-genital tracts and the respiratory system. In vivo and in vitro

  studies have shown that PACAP exerts multiple activities as a hormone,

  neurohormone, neurotransmitter or trophic factor. For instance, PACAP

  triggers the release of insulin and glucagon, activates steroidogenesis in

  the adrenal gland and gonads, and stimulates the secretion of most

  hypophysial cells. PACAP exerts a potent relaxant activity on smooth muscle

  fibers in blood vessels, lung and gut. In the brain, PACAP stimulates the

  electrical activity of various populations of neurons and increases tyrosine

  hydroxylase gene expression. Recent studies have shown that PACAP exerts a

  trophic activity during ontogenesis, notably in the adrenal medulla and in

  the central nervous system. The biological effects of PACAP are mediated

  through three distinct receptor subtypes which exhibit differential

  affinities for PACAP and VIP. The PAC1 receptor, which shows high selectivity

  for PACAP, is coupled to several transduction systems. In contrast, VPAC1 and

  VPAC2, which bind with the same affinity PACAP and VIP, are mainly coupled to

  the adenylyl cyclase pathway. The bronchodilatator and vasorelaxant effects

  of PACAP, as well as the antiproliferative and neuroprotective actions of the

  peptide, make it a valuable target for new drug development. [References:

  454]





<11>

Authors

  Leroux-Nicollet I.  Costentin J.

Title

  Transient expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter during

  development in the rat thalamus and cortex.

Source

  Neuroscience Letters.  248(3):167-70, 1998 Jun 5.

Abstract

  The postnatal developmental pattern of the central vesicular monoamine

  transporter-2 (VMAT2) was analyzed in the rat brain by means of quantitative

  autoradiography with a specific and high affinity ligand

  [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine ([3H]TBZOH). We show a dense expression of VMAT2 in

  the cortex (especially area 17) and thalamus (particularly the dorsal lateral

  geniculate nucleus) at postnatal days 1 and 8. This pattern of VMAT2

  distribution was transient since it was no longer observed at day 20 or in

  the adult rat brain where VMAT2 density was weak and uniform in these

  regions. These data suggest that monoamine vesicular storage participates in

  the early postnatal maturation of thalamus and cortex.





<12>

Authors

  Cribier A.  Eltchaninoff H.  Koning R. 

  Rath PC.  Arora R.  Imam A.  El-Sayed M.  Dani S.  Derumeaux G. 

  Benichou J.  Tron C.  Janorkar S.  Pontier

  G.  Letac B.

Title

  Percutaneous mechanical mitral commissurotomy with a newly designed metallic

  valvulotome: immediate results of the initial experience in 153 patients.

Source

  Circulation.  99(6):793-9, 1999 Feb 16.

Abstract

  BACKGROUND--Percutaneous balloon valvotomy has become a common treatment of

  mitral stenosis, but the cost of the procedure remains a limitation in

  countries with restricted financial resources, leading to a frequent reuse of

  the disposable catheters. To overcome this limitation, a reusable metallic

  valvotomy device has been developed with the goals of both improving the

  mitral valvotomy results and decreasing the cost of the procedure. METHODS

  AND RESULTS--The device consists of a detachable metallic cylinder with 2

  articulated bars screwed onto the distal end of a disposable catheter whose

  proximal end is connected to an activating pliers. By the transseptal route,

  the device is advanced across the valve over a traction guidewire. Squeezing

  the pliers opens the bars up to a maximum extent of 40 mm. The clinical

  experience consisted of 153 patients with a broad spectrum of mitral valve

  deformities. The procedure was successful in 92% of cases and resulted in a

  significant increase in mitral valve area, from 0.95+/-0.2 to 2. 16+/-0.4

  cm2. No increase in mitral regurgitation was noted in 80% of cases. Bilateral

  splitting of the commissures was observed in 87%. Complications were 2 cases

  of severe mitral regurgitation (1 requiring surgery), 1 pericardial

  tamponade, and 1 transient cerebrovascular embolic event. In this series, the

  maximum number of consecutive patients treated with the same device was 35.

  CONCLUSIONS--The results obtained with this new device are encouraging and at

  least comparable to those of current balloon techniques. Multiple uses after

  sterilization should markedly decrease the procedural cost, a major advantage

  in countries with limited resources and high incidence of mitral stenosis.





<13>

Authors

  Pourtau J.  Soria C.  Paysant J.  Vannier JP. 

  Vasse M.

Title

  In-vitro effect of oncostatin M on the release by endothelial cells of von

  Willebrand factor, tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen

  activator inhibitor-1.

Source

  Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis.  9(7):609-15, 1998 Oct.

Abstract

  Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that levels of plasma fibrinogen,

  von Willebrand factor (vWf), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and

  tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) are associated with the incidence of

  vascular disease. Since oncostatin M dramatically induces fibrinogen

  biosynthesis by hepatocytes and could be implicated in vascular injury

  leading to atherosclerosis, we have analyzed the effect of oncostatin M on

  PAI-1, vWf and tPA secretion by endothelial cells. A 2-h incubation of human

  umbilical vein endothelial cells with oncostatin M increases thrombin-induced

  secretion of vWf to the same extent as tumour necrosis factor-alpha or

  interleukin-1 (137+/-26% of control for 5 ng/ml oncostatin M, P < 0.001,

  n=5). The effects on tPA and PAI-1 secretion were different depending on the

  type of endothelial cells tested. On human umbilical vein endothelial cells,

  oncostatin M induced an increase in PAI-1 and a decrease in tPA secretion,

  which could explain the thrombogenicity of oncostatin M on large vessels. On

  a human microvasculature endothelial cell line, oncostatin M did not modify

  PAI-1 but induced an increase in tPA secretion. This observation of the

  effects of oncostatin M on both macro- and microvasculature could explain the

  increased levels of vWf, PAI-1 and tPA in the plasma of atherosclerotic

  subjects identified in epidemiological studies, suggesting that oncostatin M

  could play a key role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions.






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